Azelaic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid, different from alpha hydroxy acids and beta hydroxy acids, that acts as a “skin balancing ingredient” to address bioprocesses that are overreacting. It normalizes skin pigmentation, decreasing hyperpigmentation.
Sulfur is a cosmetic ingredient and OTC acne active that is used to reduce sebum production, acne blemishes and the appearance of scars due to its ability to exfoliate. Sulphur acts as a keratolytic agent that can loosen the connection between the skin cells.
Retinaldehyde is a part of the retinoid family closest to retinoic acid on the conversion scale, making it more potent and bioavailable than retinol. It helps improve skin elasticity, increase gene expression for collagen synthesis, and visually reduce facial wrinkles.